Beyond tolerance

Beyond Zero Tolerance

Survivability: Beyond Fault Tolerance and Cryptography

Survivability of a distributed system is the system’s ability to function as expected despite adverse events such as component failures and malicious attacks. By definition, survivability demands reliability and security—two subjects that have been studied in isolation for a long time. On the one hand, the study on reliability fosters research on fault tolerant distributed systems, which center...

Beyond Tolerance: Globalization, Freedom, and Religious Pluralism

If “Globalization” is to mean something other than imposing a single set of uniform, unexamined, and unchallengeable ideas on the entire human race, we must find ways to incorporate concepts of difference, freedom, and religious pluralism. If we are to build a truly human and humane global community, we must rethink (i) human nature (especially as regards the age-old search for spiritual values...

XFT: Practical Fault Tolerance beyond Crashes

Despite 30+ years of intensive research, the distributed computing community still does nothave a practical answer to non-crash faults of the machines that comprise a distributed system.In particular, Byzantine fault-tolerance (BFT), that promises to handle such faults, has not livedto expectations due to its resource and operation overhead with respect to its crash fault-tolera...

Tumour radiobiology beyond fractionation

Historically it has been shown repeatedly that single high doses of radiation do not allow a therapeutic differential between tumor and critical normal tissues but dose fractionation does. The purpose of conventional dose fractionation is to increase dose to the tumor while preserving normal tissue function. Tumors are generally irradiated with 2Gy dose per fraction delivered daily to a more or...